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PREPARATION OF MANUSCRIPT
Guidelines for
submission in Experimental and Clinical Hepatology are in accordance with:
Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals (N Eng J
Med, 1997; 336: 309-15).
The manuscript
should be typewritten on a white paper of the size ISO A4 (210x297 mm). The text
should be processed on the laser or inkjet printer preferably, or on a
typewriter; in the last case, however, the authors are requested to take care
about the quality of printing tape. Text should be one and half spaced with
12-point typeface. Margins: 2.5 cm (1 inch) at top, bottom, right, and left.
Illustrations are
very helpful and for case reports are mandatory. In reviews it should be
explained what information retrieval sources were used and what were the
criteria in selecting the referred papers.
The Editorial Board
reserves the privilege to adjust the format of the article.
The manuscript
should include:
Title page with the following information:
full
names of all authors
name of the
department and institution in which the work was done
affiliations of
the authors
manuscript full
title
running
title
full name,
address, telephone and/or fax number of the author responsible for manuscript
preparation
email address
to speed up contacts with authors
source(s) of
support in the form of grants (quote the number of the grant) equipment, drugs
etc.
Summary page. SUMMARY in structured form not exceeding 250 words
should consist of four paragraphs labeled: Background, Material and Methods,
Results, Conclusions. Each summary section should begin in a new line and
briefly describe, respectively, the purpose of the study, how the investigation
was performed, the most important results and the principal conclusion that
authors draw from the results.
KEY WORDS (3 to 6)
or short phrases should be written at the bottom of the page including summary.
The use of the items included in Index Medicus (Medical Subject Headings) is
advised.
Text. The text of the article should be divided to seven
paragraphs labeled: Background, Material and Methods, Results, Discussion,
Conclusions, Acknowledgements, References.
Background should contain scientific rationale and the aim of
the study or (in case of a review) purpose of the article
Material and methods should describe clearly the selection of
observational or experimental subjects (patients or laboratory animals)
including controls, such as age, gender, inclusion and exclusion criteria, (the
circumstances for rejection from the study should be clearly defined),
randomization and masking (blinding) method.
The protocol of
data acquisition, procedures, investigated parameters, methods of measurements
and apparatus should be described in sufficient detail to allow other scientists
to reproduce the results. Name and references to the established methods should
be given. References and brief description should be provided for methods that
have been published but are not well known, whereas new or substantially
modified methods should be described in detail. The reasons for using them
should be provided along with the evaluation of their limitations. The drugs and
other chemicals should be precisely identified including generic name, dose and
route of administration.
The statistical
methods should be described in detail to enable verification of the reported
results.
Provide information
on patients' informed consent. Studies on patients and volunteers require
informed consent documented in the text of the manuscript. Where there is any
unavoidable risk of breach of privacy - e.g. in a clinical photograph or in case
details - the patient's written consent to publication must be obtained and
copied to the journal. Information on approval of a Local Ethical Committee
should also be provided.
Results should concisely and reasonably summarize the findings.
Restrict tables and figures to the number needed to explain the argument of the
paper and assess its support. Do not duplicate data in graphs and tables. Give
numbers of observation and report exclusions or losses to observation such as
dropouts from a clinical trial. Report treatment complications. The results
should be presented in a logical sequence in the text, tables and illustrations.
Do not repeat in the text all the data from the tables or graphs. Emphasize only
important observations.
Discussion should deal only with new and/or important aspects
of the study. Do not repeat in detail data or other material from the Background
or the Results section. Include in the Discussion the implications of the
findings and their limitations, including implications for future research. The
discussion should confront the results of other investigations especially those
quoted in the text.
Conclusions should be linked with the goals of the study. State
new hypotheses when warranted. Include recommendations when appropriate.
Unqualified statements and conclusions not completely supported by the obtained
data should be avoided.
Acknowledgements. List all contributors who do not meet the
criteria for authorship, such as technical assistants, writing assistants or
head of department who provided only general support. Financial and other
material support should be disclosed and acknowledged.
References must be numbered consecutively as they are cited.
References selected for publication should be chosen for their importance,
accessibility, and for the "further reading" opportunities they provide.
References first cited in tables or figure legends must be numbered so that they
will be in sequence with references cited in the text. The style of references
is that of Index Medicus. List all authors when there are six or fewer; when
there are seven or more, list the first three, then et al. The following is a
sample reference:
Standard journal
article
Lahita
R, Kluger J, Drayer DE, Koffler D, Reidenberg MM. Antibodies to nuclear antigens
in patients treated with procainamide or acetylprocainamide. N Engl J Med
1979;301:1382-5.
Article with
published erratum
Koffler D, Reidenberg MM. Antibodies to nuclear antigens in patients
treated with procainamide or acetylprocainamide [published erratum appears in N
Engl J Med 1979;302:322-5]. N Engl J Med 1979; 301: 1382-5.
Article in
electronic form
Drayer
DE, Koffler D. Factors in the emergence of infectious diseases. Emerg Infect Dis
[serial online] 1995 Jan-Mar [cited 1996 Jun 5];1(1):[24 screens]. Available
from: URL:http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/eid.htm
Cancer
in South Africa [editorial]. S Afr Med J 1994;84:15.
Ringsven MK, Bond D. Gerontology and leadership skills for nurses. 2nd
ed. Albany (NY): Delmar Publishers; 1996.
Book, editor(s)
as author
Norman
IJ, Redfern SJ, editors. Mental health care for elderly people. New York:
Churchill Livingstone; 1996.
Book,
Organization as author and publisher:
Institute of Medicine (US). Looking at the future of the Medicaid
program. Washington: The Institute; 1992.
Phillips SJ, Whisnant JP. Hypertension and stroke. In: Laragh JH, Brenner
BM, editors. Hypertension: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. 2nd ed.
New York: Raven Press; 1995. p. 465-78.
Kimura
J, Shibasaki H, editors. Recent advances in clinical neurophysiology.
Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of EMG and Clinical
Neurophysiology; 1995 Oct 15-19; Kyoto, Japan. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1996.
Bengtsson S, Solheim BG. Enforcement of data protection, privacy and
security in medical informatics. In: Lun KC, Degoulet P, Piemme TE, Rienhoff O,
editors. MEDINFO 92. Proceedings of the 7th World Congress on Medical
Informatics; 1992 Sep 6-10; Geneva, Switzerland.
Avoid using
abstracts or review papers as references. "Unpublished observations" and
"personal communications" can not be used as references. If essential, such
material may be incorporated in the appropriate place in the text.
Tables. Type or print out each table on a separate sheet of
paper. Do not submit tables as photographs. Number tables consecutively in the
order of their first citation in the text, and supply a brief title for each.
Give each column a short or abbreviated heading. Place explanatory matter in
footnotes, not in the heading. Explain in footnotes all nonstandard
abbreviations that are used in each table. For footnotes use the following
symbols, in this sequence: *, , ý, §, ||, Â, **, , ýý, etc.
Identify
statistical measures of variations such as standard deviation and standard error
of the mean. Do not use internal horizontal and vertical rules. Be sure that
each table is cited in the text.
If you use data
from another published or unpublished source, obtain permission and acknowledge
them fully.
Figures should be professionally drawn and photographed;
freehand or typewritten lettering is unacceptable. Instead of original drawings,
x-ray films, and other material, send sharp, glossy, black-and-white
photographic prints, usually 127 x 173 mm (5 x 7 in) but no larger than 203 x
254 mm (8 x 10 in). Letters, numbers, and symbols should be clear and even
throughout and of sufficient size that when reduced for publication each item
will still be legible. Titles and detailed explanations belong in the legends
for illustrations, not on the illustrations themselves.
Each figure should
have a label pasted on its back indicating the number of the figure, author's
name, and top of the figure. Do not write on the back of figures or scratch or
mar them by using paper clips. Do not bend figures or mount them on cardboard.
Figures should be numbered consecutively according to the order
in which they have been first cited in the text. If a figure has been published,
acknowledge the original source and submit written permission from the copyright
holder to reproduce the material. Permission is required irrespective of
authorship or publisher, except for documents in the public domain.
Photographs should
be color or black & white glossy prints with numbers and descriptions on the
back, following the pattern: title, authors, number of the photograph, its
description.
Photomicrographs
should have internal scale markers. Symbols, arrows, or letters used in
photomicrographs should contrast with the background. If photographs of people
are used, either the subjects must not be identifiable or their pictures must be
accompanied by written permission to use the photograph.
Legends for Illustrations. Type or print out legends for
illustrations using double-spacing, starting on a separate page, with Arabic
numerals corresponding to the illustrations. When symbols, arrows, numbers, or
letters are used to identify parts of the illustrations, identify and explain
each one clearly in the legend. Explain the internal scale and identify the
method of staining in photographs.
Units of Measurement. Measurements of length, height, weight,
and volume should be reported in metric units (meter, kilogram, or liter) or
their decimal multiples. Temperatures should be given in degrees Celsius. Blood
pressures should be given in millimeters of mercury.
All hematological
and clinical chemistry measurements should be reported in the metric system in
terms of the International System of Units (SI). Alternative or non-SI units
should be added in parenthesis.
Abbreviations and Symbols. Use only standard abbreviations.
Avoid abbreviations in the title and abstract. The full term for which an
abbreviation stands should precede its first use in the text unless it is a
standard unit of measurement.
Text on a diskette. The text may be processed with the use of
any standard text editor. Standard fonts are advised, 12-point typeface. Tables,
figures, drawings and photographs may be processed using any mode and software
(*.txt, *.doc, *.wpd, *.xls, *.cdr, *.bmp, *.eps, *.tif preferably). Use 3.5?
diskettes, CD-R or ZIP disks.
When submitting
disks, authors should (1) be certain to include a print-out of the version of
the article that is on the disk; (2) put only the latest version of the
manuscript on the disk; (3) name the file(s) clearly; (4) label the disk with
the format of the file and the file name; (5) provide information on the
hardware and software used. Indicate the format: IBM PC or Apple and the name
(+version) of software use.
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Experimental & Clinical Hepatology 
